Building satellite antennas and ground systems has never been more technically challenging than it is today. Thanks to innovations like multi-orbit systems, broadband constellations, cloud integration, 5G and the drive to automate and orchestrate as much service delivery as possible to cope with all the complexity, ground systems companies are literally building the airplane while flying it. They are managing increased competition from all sides while creating bleeding-edge technology that serves the needs of today’s multi-layer connectivity businesses. In this CEO forum, leaders speak to the challenges to ground systems business models, and the rewards of somehow finding a way to realize new low-cost, compatible, and future-proof products.